{"ikmk_id":"117026","eLearning_completed":"0","primary_source_id":"0","title":"Ptolem\u00e4er: Ptolemaios I.","inventory_number":"GR 29753","activated":"yes","item":{"ikmk_item_id":"1","ndp_uri":"https:\/\/ikmk.smb.museum\/ndp\/sachbegriff\/1","item_de":"M\u00fcnze","item_en":"Coin","item_nomisma":"http:\/\/nomisma.org\/id\/coin"},"permalink":"https:\/\/www.ikmk.at\/object?id=ID117026","permalink_source":null,"publisher":{"ikmk_publisher_id":32,"ndp_uri":"https:\/\/ikmk.smb.museum\/ndp\/besitzer\/32","publisher_name":"Kunsthistorischen Museum Wien, M\u00fcnzkabinett","publisher_isil":"https:\/\/www.obvsg.at\/AT-KHMW-MK\/","publisher_isil_short":"AT-KHMW-MK","UID":"https:\/\/www.obvsg.at\/AT-KHMW-MK\/\/ID117026","legalBodyWeblink":"http:\/\/www.khm.at\/"},"owner":{"ikmk_owner_id":"32","owner_name":"Wien, M\u00fcnzkabinett, Kunsthistorisches Museum","owner_isil":"https:\/\/permalink.obvsg.at\/ais\/AA00002311","owner_isil_short":"AT-KHMW-MK","owner_www_address":"https:\/\/www.ikmk.at","nomisma_address":"http:\/\/nomisma.org\/id\/mk_wien","ndp_uri":"https:\/\/ikmk.smb.museum\/ndp\/besitzer\/32","owner_type":{"de":"Eigentum","en":"Property","ikmk_type_id":"2","ndp_uri":"https:\/\/ikmk.smb.museum\/ndp\/possession_kind\/2"}},"ikmk_status_id":"7","status":{"de":"vorhanden","en":"present","ikmk_status_id":"7","ndp_uri":"https:\/\/ikmk.smb.museum\/ndp\/object_status\/7"},"nominal":{"ikmk_nominal_id":"1166","nominal_de":"Tetradrachme","nominal_en":"Tetradrachm","nominal_nomisma_id":"http:\/\/nomisma.org\/id\/tetradrachm","nominal_gnd_id":"http:\/\/d-nb.info\/gnd\/4210424-5","info_de":"Eine antike M\u00fcnze, zumeist aus Silber, im Werte von vier Drachmen.","info_en":"An ancient coin, mostly struck in silver, valued four drachms.","ndp_uri":"https:\/\/ikmk.smb.museum\/ndp\/nominal\/1166"},"patronage":"nicht vergeben (EUR 25,-)","date_last":"2022-12-11 17:52:24","coin_status":[{"ikmk_coin_status_id":"29","coin_status_name_de":"Antike Herrscherpr\u00e4gung","coin_status_name_en":"Ancient Ruler's issue","coin_status_nomisma_id":"http:\/\/nomisma.org\/id\/ruler","ndp_uri":"https:\/\/ikmk.smb.museum\/ndp\/muenzstand\/29"}],"mint":[{"ikmk_country_id":"5","country_ndp_url":"https:\/\/ikmk.smb.museum\/ndp\/land\/5","country_name_de":"\u00c4gypten","country_name_en":"Egypt","country_nomisma_id":"http:\/\/nomisma.org\/id\/arab_republic_of_egypt","country_geoname_id":"http:\/\/www.geonames.org\/357994","ikmk_region_id":"16","region_ndp_uri":"https:\/\/ikmk.smb.museum\/ndp\/region\/16","region_name":"\u00c4gypten","region_nomisma_id":"http:\/\/nomisma.org\/id\/egypt","region_geoname_id":"http:\/\/www.geonames.org\/357994","ikmk_mint_id":"13","mint_ndp_uri":"https:\/\/ikmk.smb.museum\/ndp\/ort\/13","mint_name":"Alexandria","mint_name_de":"Alexandria","mint_name_en":null,"mint_nomisma_id":"http:\/\/nomisma.org\/id\/alexandreia_egypt","mint_geoname_id":"http:\/\/www.geonames.org\/361058"}],"material":{"ikmk_material_id":"1","material_name_de":"Silber","material_name_en":"Silver","material_nomisma_id":"http:\/\/nomisma.org\/id\/ar","ndp_uri":"https:\/\/ikmk.smb.museum\/ndp\/material\/1"},"diameter":"29 mm","die_axis":"12 h","weight":"15.55 g","accession":"-","access_year":"1897","provenienz_extern":"","acquisition_date":null,"avers":{"leg_trans":"","leg_text":"","image_description":"B\u00fcste des Alexander III. nach rechts mit Elephantenhaube und Ammonsh\u00f6rnern","foto_date":null,"photographer":{"ikmk_photographer_id":"2","photographer_name":"Margit Redl, KHM","photographer_gnd":"","photographer_viaf":""},"path_thumbnail":"https:\/\/www.ikmk.at\/image\/ID117026\/vs_opt.jpg","path_opt":"https:\/\/www.ikmk.at\/image\/ID117026\/vs_opt.jpg","path_opt_rel":"images\/n117\/117026\/vs_opt.jpg","path":"https:\/\/www.ikmk.at\/image\/ID117026\/vs_org.jpg","path_org":"https:\/\/www.ikmk.at\/image\/ID117026\/vs_org.jpg","image_timestamp":1451395803,"copyright":{"short":"CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 AT","url":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-sa\/3.0\/at\/","de":"Bilddateien sind lizenziert als Creative Commons Namensnennung - Nicht-kommerziell - Weitergabe unter gleichen Bedingungen 3.0 \u00d6sterreich Lizenz<\/a>. M\u00fcnzkabinett, Kunsthistorisches Museum, ID117026. Aufnahme durch Margit Redl, KHM.","en":"Image files are licensed Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 3.0 Austria License<\/a>. M\u00fcnzkabinett, Kunsthistorisches Museum, ID117026. Photographs by Margit Redl, KHM."}},"revers":{"leg_trans":"","leg_text":"A\u039bE\u039eAN\u0394POY","image_description":"Athena mit Lanze und Schild nach rechts; rechts: Helm, Beizeichen und Adler auf Blitzb\u00fcndel","foto_date":null,"photographer":{"ikmk_photographer_id":"2","photographer_name":"Margit Redl, KHM","photographer_gnd":"","photographer_viaf":""},"path_thumbnail":"https:\/\/www.ikmk.at\/image\/ID117026\/rs_opt.jpg","path_opt":"https:\/\/www.ikmk.at\/image\/ID117026\/rs_opt.jpg","path_opt_rel":"images\/n117\/117026\/rs_opt.jpg","path":"https:\/\/www.ikmk.at\/image\/ID117026\/rs_org.jpg","path_org":"https:\/\/www.ikmk.at\/image\/ID117026\/rs_org.jpg","image_timestamp":1451395803,"copyright":{"short":"CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 AT","url":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-sa\/3.0\/at\/","de":"Bilddateien sind lizenziert als Creative Commons Namensnennung - Nicht-kommerziell - Weitergabe unter gleichen Bedingungen 3.0 \u00d6sterreich Lizenz<\/a>. M\u00fcnzkabinett, Kunsthistorisches Museum, ID117026. Aufnahme durch Margit Redl, KHM.","en":"Image files are licensed Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 3.0 Austria License<\/a>. M\u00fcnzkabinett, Kunsthistorisches Museum, ID117026. Photographs by Margit Redl, KHM."}},"division":{"ikmk_division_id":"1","division_name_de":"Antike","division_name_en":"Antiquity"},"sub_division":{"ikmk_subdivision_id":"5","subdivision_name_de":"Griechen, Hellenismus","subdivision_name_en":"Greek, Hellenism"},"literatur":"Svoronos 1904, 168 (Tf. VI, 7); Lorber 2005","comment":"Das St\u00fcck stammt aus dem Fund von Damanhur (IGCH 1671)","period":{"ikmk_period_id":"3","name_de":"Hellenismus","name_en":null,"description_de":"","description_en":null,"concept_id":"","ndp_uri":"https:\/\/ikmk.smb.museum\/ndp\/periode\/3"},"year_start":"-310","year_end":"-294","date_verbal":"ca. 310\u2013294 v. Chr.","year_islam":"0","references":[{"ikmk_referenz_id":209,"souce":"IGCH","number":"1671","similar":"0"}],"type_references":{"165":"http:\/\/coinhoards.org\/id\/igch1671"},"manufacturing":[{"ikmk_manufacturing_id":"21","manufacturing_name_de":"gepr\u00e4gt","manufacturing_name_en":"struck","nomisma_id":"http:\/\/nomisma.org\/id\/struck","ndp_uri":"https:\/\/ikmk.smb.museum\/ndp\/herstellungtyp\/21"}],"linked_persons_corporations":{"54":{"ikmk_type_id":"54","type_name_de":"Dargestellte\/r","type_name_en":"Sitter","type_nomisma_id":"http:\/\/nomisma.org\/id\/portrait","type_concept_id":"http:\/\/vocab.getty.edu\/aat\/300189844","ndp_id":"https:\/\/ikmk.smb.museum\/ndp\/persontype\/54","items":{"2756":{"ikmk_person_id":"2756","title_de":null,"first_name_de":null,"last_name_de":"Alexandros III. (336-323 v. Chr.), K\u00f6nig von Makedonien","vitalDates":"356-323 v. Chr.","title_en":null,"first_name_en":null,"last_name_en":"Alexandros III (336-323 BC), king of Macdon","corporation":"0","lod":{"https:\/\/www.britishmuseum.org\/collection\/term\/BIOG86047":"https:\/\/www.britishmuseum.org\/collection\/term\/BIOG86047","https:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/wiki\/Q8409":"https:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/wiki\/Q8409","http:\/\/d-nb.info\/gnd\/118501828":"http:\/\/d-nb.info\/gnd\/118501828","https:\/\/viaf.org\/viaf\/88742742":"https:\/\/viaf.org\/viaf\/88742742","http:\/\/nomisma.org\/id\/alexander_iii":"http:\/\/nomisma.org\/id\/alexander_iii","https:\/\/de.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Alexander_der_Gro\u00dfe":"https:\/\/de.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Alexander_der_Gro\u00dfe","https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Alexander_the_Great":"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Alexander_the_Great","https:\/\/ikmk.smb.museum\/ndp\/person\/2756":"https:\/\/ikmk.smb.museum\/ndp\/person\/2756"}}}},"57":{"ikmk_type_id":"57","type_name_de":"M\u00fcnzherr","type_name_en":"Authority","type_nomisma_id":"http:\/\/nomisma.org\/id\/authority","type_concept_id":"http:\/\/d-nb.info\/gnd\/1051614252","ndp_id":"https:\/\/ikmk.smb.museum\/ndp\/persontype\/57","items":{"1324":{"ikmk_person_id":"1324","title_de":null,"first_name_de":null,"last_name_de":"Ptolemaios I. Soter","vitalDates":"367\/366-283\/282 v. Chr.","title_en":null,"first_name_en":null,"last_name_en":"Ptolemaios I Soter","corporation":"0","lod":{"https:\/\/www.britishmuseum.org\/collection\/term\/BIOG55387":"https:\/\/www.britishmuseum.org\/collection\/term\/BIOG55387","https:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/wiki\/Q168261":"https:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/wiki\/Q168261","http:\/\/d-nb.info\/gnd\/118596926":"http:\/\/d-nb.info\/gnd\/118596926","https:\/\/viaf.org\/viaf\/84636391":"https:\/\/viaf.org\/viaf\/84636391","http:\/\/nomisma.org\/id\/ptolemy_i":"http:\/\/nomisma.org\/id\/ptolemy_i","https:\/\/de.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Ptolemaios_I.":"https:\/\/de.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Ptolemaios_I.","https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Ptolemy_I_Soter":"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Ptolemy_I_Soter","https:\/\/ikmk.smb.museum\/ndp\/person\/1324":"https:\/\/ikmk.smb.museum\/ndp\/person\/1324"}}}}},"keywords":[{"ikmk_keyword_id":"28","keyword_de":"Afrika","keyword_gnd_uri":"http:\/\/d-nb.info\/gnd\/4000695-5","keyword_concept_uri":"http:\/\/vocab.getty.edu\/tgn\/7001242"},{"ikmk_keyword_id":"1","keyword_de":"Antike","keyword_gnd_uri":"http:\/\/d-nb.info\/gnd\/4068754-5","keyword_concept_uri":"http:\/\/vocab.getty.edu\/aat\/300055818"},{"ikmk_keyword_id":"76","keyword_de":"Gegenst\u00e4nde","keyword_gnd_uri":"http:\/\/d-nb.info\/gnd\/4121320-8","keyword_concept_uri":"http:\/\/vocab.getty.edu\/aat\/300311889"},{"ikmk_keyword_id":"45","keyword_de":"G\u00f6tter","keyword_gnd_uri":"http:\/\/d-nb.info\/gnd\/4021469-2","keyword_concept_uri":"http:\/\/vocab.getty.edu\/aat\/300343850"},{"ikmk_keyword_id":"5","keyword_de":"Hellenismus, 4.-1. Jh. v. Chr.","keyword_gnd_uri":"http:\/\/d-nb.info\/gnd\/4024313-8","keyword_concept_uri":"http:\/\/vocab.getty.edu\/aat\/300020101"},{"ikmk_keyword_id":"69","keyword_de":"Silber","keyword_gnd_uri":"http:\/\/d-nb.info\/gnd\/4133759-1","keyword_concept_uri":"http:\/\/www.nomisma.org\/id\/ar"},{"ikmk_keyword_id":"51","keyword_de":"Tiere","keyword_gnd_uri":"http:\/\/d-nb.info\/gnd\/4185464-0","keyword_concept_uri":""}],"timeline_themes":[{"ikmk_timeline_id":"44","timeline_item":"Das Geld im Hellenismus - Gold und Silber","description":"In der Nachfolge des Alexanderreiches entstanden zahlreiche Herrschaften und K\u00f6nigreiche, die ebenso wie einzelne St\u00e4dte der fortschreitenden Monetarisierung der Gesellschaft durch die Ausgabe eines eigenen M\u00fcnzgeldes Rechnung trugen oder aber eigene Traditionen der Geldwirtschaft fortsetzten. Die gro\u00dfen Reiche der Antigoniden, Seleukiden und Ptolem\u00e4er sowie Mittelm\u00e4chte wie z. B. Pergamon, Bithynien, Pontos oder Kappadokien zeigen dabei beispielhaft die M\u00f6glichkeiten des M\u00fcnzwesens auf. Generell gilt aber, da\u00df nun das Portr\u00e4t des herrschenden K\u00f6nigs abgebildet wird, wobei die Ptolem\u00e4er und Pergamon aber das des ersten Herrschers (Ptolemaios I. bzw. Philetairos) auch nach dessen Tod bevorzugen. Hier sind M\u00fcnzen nun die bedeutendste Quelle f\u00fcr die Geschichte und Entwicklung des antiken Herrscherbildes und das k\u00f6nigliche Selbstverst\u00e4ndnis. H\u00e4ufig findet der schon von Alexander bevorzugte attische Gewichtsstandard Anwendung. Daneben gelingt es z.B. dem ptolem\u00e4ischen \u00c4gypten und Pergamon (Cistophoren) durch die Einf\u00fchrung leichteren Geldes, ein abgegrenztes Umlaufgebiet f\u00fcr ihre eigene W\u00e4hrung zu schaffen (fremdes, aber vollgewichtiges Geld wird eins zu eins zum Nachteil des Einlieferers umgetauscht). Auch einzelne St\u00e4dte (z.B. Thasos, Maroneia, Side, Antiochia am Orontes) pr\u00e4gen umfangreiche Emissionen. Ein weiteres Kennzeichen des 2. Jhs. v. Chr. ist die Entstehung von M\u00fcnzarten wie den sogenannten Stephanophoren, die von verschiedenen St\u00e4dten aufgrund einer gemeinsamen \u00dcbereinkunft mit einheitlich gestalteter R\u00fcckseite (dem namensgebenden Kranz) das volle attische Gewicht garantieren (z. B. Athen, Kyzikos, Kyme). Vor allem am Ende dieser Epoche treten verst\u00e4rkt lokale Traditionen und Bildthemen im M\u00fcnzbild auf, so etwa der Gott Sandan auf seleukidischen M\u00fcnzen der Pr\u00e4gest\u00e4tte Tarsos. Auch Rom orientierte sich anfangs an griechischen Vorbildern und zeigt insbesondere in seinen Silberm\u00fcnzen (Didrachmen und deren Halbst\u00fccken) deutliche Anleihen an griechisch-unteritalische Vorbilder, bevor es mit dem Denar gegen 211 v. Chr. ein eigenst\u00e4ndiges W\u00e4hrungssystem einf\u00fchrte.","year_from":"-336","year_until":"-30","autor":"Dahmen, Karsten"}],"text_right":{"short":"CC BY-SA 4.0","icon":"https:\/\/licensebuttons.net\/l\/by-sa\/4.0\/80x15.png","url":{"de":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-sa\/4.0\/deed.de","en":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-sa\/4.0\/deed.en"},"label":{"de":"Creative Commons Namensnennung - Weitergabe unter gleichen Bedingungen 4.0 International","en":"Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International"},"string":{"de":"Texte und Beschreibungen in diesem Online-Katalog stehen unter einer\u00a0Creative Commons Namensnennung - Nicht-kommerziell - Weitergabe unter gleichen Bedingungen 3.0 \u00d6sterreich Lizenz<\/a>.","en":"Texts and descriptions of this catalogue are licensed Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 3.0 Austria License<\/a>."}},"lod_right":{"short":"PDM 1.0","icon":"https:\/\/licensebuttons.net\/p\/zero\/1.0\/80x15.png","url":{"de":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/publicdomain\/mark\/1.0\/deed.de","en":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/publicdomain\/mark\/1.0\/deed.en"},"label":{"de":"Public Domain Mark 1.0","en":"Public Domain Mark 1.0"},"string":{"de":"Verwendete LOD-Identifikatoren sind Public Domain Mark 1.0<\/a>\u00a0lizenziert.","en":"LOD ids used are licensed Public Domain Mark 1.0<\/a>."}},"image_restriction_id":0,"image_restriction":"free","image_right":{"short":"CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 AT","icon":"https:\/\/licensebuttons.net\/l\/by-nc-sa\/3.0\/80x15.png","url":{"de":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-sa\/3.0\/at\/deed.de","en":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-sa\/3.0\/at\/deed.en"},"label":{"de":"Namensnennung - Nicht-kommerziell - Weitergabe unter gleichen Bedingungen 3.0 \u00d6sterreich","en":"Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 3.0 Austria"}}}