{"ikmk_id":"188009","eLearning_completed":"0","primary_source_id":"0","title":"Gratianus","inventory_number":"R\u00d6 56898","activated":"yes","item":{"ikmk_item_id":"1","ndp_uri":"https:\/\/ikmk.smb.museum\/ndp\/sachbegriff\/1","item_de":"M\u00fcnze","item_en":"Coin","item_nomisma":"http:\/\/nomisma.org\/id\/coin"},"permalink":"https:\/\/www.ikmk.at\/object?id=ID188009","permalink_source":null,"publisher":{"ikmk_publisher_id":32,"ndp_uri":"https:\/\/ikmk.smb.museum\/ndp\/besitzer\/32","publisher_name":"Kunsthistorischen Museum Wien, M\u00fcnzkabinett","publisher_isil":"https:\/\/www.obvsg.at\/AT-KHMW-MK\/","publisher_isil_short":"AT-KHMW-MK","UID":"https:\/\/www.obvsg.at\/AT-KHMW-MK\/\/ID188009","legalBodyWeblink":"http:\/\/www.khm.at\/"},"owner":{"ikmk_owner_id":"32","owner_name":"Wien, M\u00fcnzkabinett, Kunsthistorisches Museum","owner_isil":"https:\/\/permalink.obvsg.at\/ais\/AA00002311","owner_isil_short":"AT-KHMW-MK","owner_www_address":"https:\/\/www.ikmk.at","nomisma_address":"http:\/\/nomisma.org\/id\/mk_wien","ndp_uri":"https:\/\/ikmk.smb.museum\/ndp\/besitzer\/32","owner_type":{"de":"Eigentum","en":"Property","ikmk_type_id":"2","ndp_uri":"https:\/\/ikmk.smb.museum\/ndp\/possession_kind\/2"}},"ikmk_status_id":"7","status":{"de":"vorhanden","en":"present","ikmk_status_id":"7","ndp_uri":"https:\/\/ikmk.smb.museum\/ndp\/object_status\/7"},"nominal":{"ikmk_nominal_id":"649","nominal_de":"Aes 2","nominal_en":"Aes 2","nominal_nomisma_id":"http:\/\/nomisma.org\/id\/ae2","nominal_gnd_id":"http:\/\/d-nb.info\/gnd\/4584398-3","info_de":"Numismatische Hilfsbezeichnungen f\u00fcr die r\u00f6mischen Bronzenominale des 4.-5. 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Jh.","keyword_gnd_uri":"http:\/\/d-nb.info\/gnd\/4124227-0","keyword_concept_uri":"http:\/\/vocab.getty.edu\/aat\/300020666"}],"timeline_themes":[{"ikmk_timeline_id":"46","timeline_item":"Von 293 bis zum Ende des 4. Jahrhunderts n. Chr.","description":"Die Regierungszeit des Diocletianus und seiner Mitherrscher (284-305 n. Chr.) ist gekennzeichnet durch eine Neuordnung des Staatswesens: Neue M\u00fcnzsorten wie der Nummus (Follis), der Argenteus und der auf 1\/60 des Pfundes festgesetzte Aureus werden eingef\u00fchrt und in ein festes Wechselverh\u00e4ltnis gesetzt. Diese Ma\u00dfnahmen k\u00f6nnen die Verschlechterung des Geldes nur f\u00fcr kurze Zeit aufhalten. Constantinus I. (306-337) f\u00fchrt mit dem Solidus eine neue Gold- sowie mit Siliqua und Miliarense neue Silberm\u00fcnzen ein; die Bronzenominale unterliegen ebenfalls bereits einer Abwertung. Insgesamt wird aber zur Mitte des 4. Jhs. eine Tendenz zur Goldw\u00e4hrung deutlich. Neue Goldminen werden erschlossen und h\u00f6here St\u00fcckzahlen gepr\u00e4gt. Vom Bronzegeld werden bald in schneller Folge verschiedene Sorten ausgegeben, denen es aber durchweg an dauerhaftem Geldwert mangelt. So wird das Bronzegeld abermals um 348 reformiert, auch Iulianus (genannt Apostata, reg. 361-363) versucht sich in der Einf\u00fchrung eines neuen, gro\u00dfen Bronzenominales. Zum Ende der 360er Jahre wird die regelhafte Kennzeichnung der Solidi als Feingold (OB = Obryzum) verpflichend. Ihre Entsprechung beim Silbergeld ist das K\u00fcrzel PS = pusulatum. Auch nimmt die Bedeutung der silbernen Siliquen immer mehr ab. 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